Posted: February 22nd, 2024

Analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal over the past

Analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal over the past decade and forecasting future demand
Maritime transport, the backbone of international trade, is responsible for **80%** of the global movement of goods. The **Suez Canal**, a critical waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, plays a pivotal role in facilitating this trade. However, recent disruptions have highlighted the vulnerability of this vital route.

In February 2024, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) released a report titled “Navigating Troubled Waters: The Impact to Global Trade of Disruption of Shipping Routes in the Red Sea, The Black Sea, and the Panama Canal.” This report sheds light on how attacks on Red Sea shipping have severely affected maritime trade through the Suez Canal. These attacks, coupled with existing geopolitical tensions and climate-related challenges, are reshaping global trade routes.

Discussion:

1. **Suez Canal Disruptions:**
– The Suez Canal is currently facing significant disruptions due to attacks on shipping in the Red Sea. These disruptions have severely impacted maritime trade routes through this critical waterway.
– UNCTAD estimates that transits passing the Suez Canal have decreased by **42%** compared to its peak. Major players in the shipping industry have temporarily suspended Suez transits.
– Weekly container ship transits have fallen by **67%**, affecting container carrying capacity, tanker transits, and gas carriers.

2. **Black Sea Challenges:**
– Geopolitical tensions resulting from the war in Ukraine have disrupted shipping routes in the Black Sea.
– The oil and grain trade routes have shifted due to these disruptions, altering established patterns.

3. **Panama Canal Resilience:**
– The Panama Canal, which links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces a separate challenge: dwindling water levels.
– Diminished water levels raise concerns about the long-term resilience of global supply chains.
– This highlights the fragility of the world’s trade infrastructure.

4. **Economic and Environmental Costs:**
– Shunning the Suez Canal to reroute around the Cape of Good Hope has both economic and environmental consequences.
– Developing economies are under additional pressure due to mounting uncertainty.
– Average container spot freight rates have surged significantly since November 2023.

5. **Alternative Routes:**
– Three alternative routes are plausible:
– A “land bridge” rail route across Eurasia from China to Europe (part of China’s Belt and Road Initiative).
– A ship route around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope between Asian ports and Europe (used for centuries).
– A seasonal shipping route across Russia’s maritime Arctic (the Northern Sea Route), although its viability as a global container route

Analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal over the past decade and forecasting future demand requires a focus on major commodities, environmental concerns, key players, and the impact of geopolitical events. The Suez Canal is one of the world’s most vital maritime trading conduits, and over 7.5% of the entire world’s maritime trade passes through it
. The canal is considered to be one of the most reasonable shipping routes in the Eurasian region based on factors such as transportation costs and distance
. However, the vulnerability of the Suez Canal has forced the international community to search for alternatives for diversifying transport routes
.
In recent years, shipping incidents have occurred frequently and caused economic losses. For example, the Suez Canal blockage event in March 2021 caused bidirectional traffic paralysis and forced more than 400 ships to drift in the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean
. The direct economic cost was over USD 10 billion, and the continuous cost is expected to exceed USD 100 billion
.
Environmental concerns are also a significant factor in analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal. Climate change in recent years has produced viable shipping routes in the Arctic, and cost-benefit analysis of alternative Arctic routes based on accurate environmental condition
.
Key players in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal include shippers, ship owners, consignees, insurers, and carriers
. The Northern Sea Route can handle only a small fraction of global trade despite Russian claims it is an alternative to the Suez Canal
.
The impact of geopolitical events is also a crucial aspect to consider when analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal has been at the center of several conflicts, and major powers have coveted (and achieved) controlling influence over it
4
. The resurgence of political Islam in post-Arab Spring regional politics together with the rise of violent religious extremism and the recent Iranian nuclear agreement with the P5+1 have raised changing strategic dynamics in West Asia, which holds a key position in shaping the contours of contemporary world politics
.
To forecast future demand, it is necessary to consider the major voyage-related costs of a trans-Arctic route as an alternative to the conventional routes via the Suez Canal Route (SCR) for existing merchant ships

. The vulnerability of the Suez Canal has forced the international community to search for alternatives for diversifying transport routes
.
In conclusion, analyzing trends in maritime trade and cargo transport through the Suez Canal over the past decade and forecasting future demand requires a focus on major commodities, environmental concerns, key players, and the impact of geopolitical events. The vulnerability of the Suez Canal has forced the international community to search for alternatives for diversifying transport routes, and cost-benefit analysis of alternative Arctic routes based on accurate environmental condition modeling is required

.