Posted: February 14th, 2023

Trauma-informed Care in Mental Health Nursing: Enhancing Safety and Empowerment for Patients

Trauma-informed Care in Mental Health Nursing: Enhancing Safety and Empowerment for Patients

Trauma-informed care (TIC) is an approach that recognizes the impact of trauma on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients and aims to provide care that is respectful, compassionate, and empowering. Trauma-informed care is especially relevant for mental health nursing, as many patients with mental health disorders have experienced trauma in their lives, such as abuse, violence, neglect, or loss. Trauma can affect the development of the brain, the regulation of emotions, the sense of self, and the ability to form healthy relationships. Trauma can also increase the risk of developing mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder, and personality disorder.

Trauma-informed care in mental health nursing involves four key principles: awareness, safety, trustworthiness, and collaboration. These principles guide the nurse-patient relationship and the delivery of care in a way that minimizes re-traumatization, promotes healing, and fosters recovery.

Awareness: The nurse should be aware of the prevalence and effects of trauma on patients and themselves. The nurse should also be aware of the signs and symptoms of trauma-related distress, such as flashbacks, nightmares, dissociation, hypervigilance, avoidance, or emotional dysregulation. The nurse should be able to screen for trauma exposure and history using validated tools and refer patients to appropriate services if needed. The nurse should also be aware of their own trauma history and potential triggers and seek professional support if necessary.

Safety: The nurse should create a safe environment for patients that is physically, emotionally, and culturally appropriate. The nurse should respect the patient’s boundaries, privacy, and preferences and avoid any actions that may be perceived as threatening or coercive. The nurse should also help the patient identify and access resources that can enhance their safety and security, such as shelters, legal services, or advocacy groups.

Trustworthiness: The nurse should establish a trusting relationship with the patient that is based on honesty, transparency, and consistency. The nurse should explain the goals and expectations of care clearly and involve the patient in decision-making as much as possible. The nurse should also respect the patient’s autonomy and right to refuse or withdraw from treatment at any time. The nurse should also maintain professional boundaries and confidentiality and avoid any dual relationships or conflicts of interest.

Collaboration: The nurse should collaborate with the patient as a partner in their care and empower them to take an active role in their recovery. The nurse should acknowledge the patient’s strengths, skills, and coping strategies and help them build on them. The nurse should also encourage the patient to express their needs, feelings, and goals and support them in achieving them. The nurse should also collaborate with other health care providers and community agencies that are involved in the patient’s care and coordinate services to ensure continuity and quality of care.

Trauma-informed care in mental health nursing can have positive outcomes for patients, such as improved symptom management, increased satisfaction with care, enhanced self-esteem, reduced stigma, and greater hope for recovery. Trauma-informed care can also benefit nurses by increasing their knowledge, skills, empathy, and resilience. Trauma-informed care can also reduce burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization among nurses.

Trauma-informed care in mental health nursing is not a one-size-fits-all approach but rather a flexible and individualized one that adapts to the needs and preferences of each patient. Trauma-informed care requires ongoing education, training, supervision, and evaluation for nurses to ensure its effectiveness and sustainability. Trauma-informed care also requires organizational support and commitment to create a culture of trauma awareness and responsiveness within health care settings.

Trauma-informed care in mental health nursing is not only a best practice but also an ethical obligation for nurses who work with patients who have experienced trauma. By providing trauma-informed care, nurses can enhance the safety and empowerment of patients and promote their healing and recovery.

References:

– Elliott DE et al. (2005). Trauma-informed or trauma-denied: Principles
and implementation of trauma-informed services for women. Journal
of Community Psychology 33(4): 461-477.
– Hopper EK et al. (2010). Shelter from the storm: Trauma-informed
care in homelessness services settings. The Open Health Services
and Policy Journal 3: 80-100.
– Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
(2014). SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-
informed approach. Rockville MD: SAMHSA.
– van der Kolk BA (2014). The body keeps the score: Brain mind
and body in the healing of trauma. New York NY: Viking.