You r n am e: J ose p hin e K in g
Rit u al O bje ct
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Mask ette
?, 1 200-1 550, S to ne, A zte c , M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
://i d s.
s i.e d u/id s/d eliv ery S erv ic e? m ax = 800& id = s://a m eric an in dia n .s i.e d u/w
eb m ultim ed ia /4 161/4 19/0 2.7 00×700.j p g
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This w ork i s a m ask m ad e o f s to ne i n t h e A zte c c u ltu re . T he s e em in gly o pen
mouth , e y es, n ostr ils , a n d e ar h ole s a ll r e p re se n t t h e f ig ure s a b ility t o b e t o ta lly
open w it h t h e G ods a n d c o nnecte d w ith t h em . T he f ig ure i s m ost l ik ely n ot
pro porti o nally a ccu ra te d ue t o t h e a rti s t s a ccess t o t o ols a n d m ate ria ls t o c re ate a
re alis tic l o okin g f a ce. T he p urp ose o f t h is m ask i s t o b e u se d d urin g r itu als w here
mem bers o f t h e t r ib e c o m munic a te w ith t h e G ods, n ot o nly t o a sk f o r w hat t h ey
may n eed b ut a ls o t o t h an k t h em . D urin g t h is t im e, i t w as v ery c o m mon f o r t r ib es
lik e t h e A zte cs t o r e ly o n t h eir G od(s ) f o r a n yth in g a n d e v ery th in g.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A p ie c e f r o m t h e t e x tb ook t h at r e la te s t o t h e r itu al o bje ct p ic tu re d a b ove i s t h e
Kwakw aka w akw B ir d M ask
?. T his w as a m ask u se d d urin g r itu al c e re m onie s t h at
was c a rv ed o ut o f w ood a n d p ain te d o n w it h b rig ht c o lo rs . T he m ask w as u se d i n
cere m onie s o f t h e a rra n gem en t o f m arr ia g e.
Trib ute
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Tem ple M odel, 1 4001521, C era m ic , A zte c , M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 16871
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This o b je ct p ay s t r ib ute t o A zte c t e m ple s a s i t i s s im ply a r e p lic atio n o f o ne. T his
cera m ic m odel h as s ta ir s l e ad in g u p t o t h e e n tr y w ay o f t h e t e m ple , a s w ell a s a n
are a a b ove t h e e n tr y w ay t h at r e ced es h ig hly . B oth o f t h ese t e ch nic alitie s s y m boliz e
re ach in g a h ig her p ow er. T here h av e b een m an y A zte c t e m ple m odels l ik e t h is o ne
cre ate d d ue t o t h eir i d ea o f s p re ad in g t h eir r e lig io n. O ne m ay h av e o ne o f t h ese i n
th eir h o m e t o r e m em ber t h e A zte c c u ltu re a n d t h e a m ount o f t im e a n d e ffo rt t h ey
put i n to t h eir p ra cti c ed r e lig io n.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook t h at c o m pare s t o t h e t r ib ute o bje ct a b ove i s
Pab lit a V ela rd es
?Kosh are s o f T aos
?. ? T his p ie ce i s a w ate rc o lo r p ain tin g o n p ap er
th at p ay s t r ib ute t o t h e P ueb lo t r ib es c ere m ony o f t h e w in te r s o ls tic e. E ach
fig ure s b rig ht c lo th in g i s s im ila r o f t h ose t h at N ativ e A m eric an s w ould w ear
durin g a t i m e o f c ele b ra tio n l ik e t h e o ne p ic tu re d i n t h e p ain tin g. D ep ic te d i n t h is
pie ce a re a n im als , s a crif ic ed a t t h e t o p o f a p ole , p eo ple d re sse d a s c lo w ns, a n d
Kats in a d oll s , w hic h a re g iv en t o c h il d re n s o t h at t h ey c an l e arn t h e d if f e re n ce
betw ee n t h ose w ho t h ey s h ould b e f o ll o w in g s p ir itu ally a n d w ho t h ey s h ould n ot.
Offe rin g
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Sea te d D eity ( M acu ilc o atl)
?, 1 5th -e arly 1 6th c en tu ry , B asa lt, A zte c , M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 07606
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This o ffe rin g i s a s c u lp tu re m ad e o f b asa lt, h ard en ed v olc an ic m ate ria l u se d o fte n
by t h e A zte cs, t h at d ep ic ts a m an h old in g h is k nees t o h is c h est. T he a rtis t u se s
bas-re lie f, o r s h all o w r e li e f, t o a ch ie v e t h e l o ok o f d eep s h ad ow s a lo ng t h e f ig ure s
lo w er j a w . T he f ig ure r e p re se n ts a d eity c a lle d t h e L ord o f F iv e S ouls . T here i s a
sn ak e w ith f iv e d ots o n i ts b ack c ir c le d a ro und t h e f ig ure s h ead – t h ese f iv e d ots
are a ss o cia te d w ith b ad h ab its .
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e
?Lla m a
? o f
th e I n ca t r ib e. T his p ie ce i s m ad e o f g old a n d s ilv er, w hic h i s c o m mon f o r t h e
In cas b ecau se t h ey h ad m ore g old a n d s il v er i n t h eir p osse ssio n t h an c lo th .
Com posit io n-w is e , t h e p ie ce i s v ery s im ple d esp ite t h e b la n ket o n t h e l la m as
back . T he s ilv er o n t h e l la m a r e p re se n ts t h e m oons t e ars a n d t h e I n cas u se d
offe rin gs l ik e t h ese e v ery m orn in g a s a s a c rif ic e t o t h e s u n. T he t r ib e b elie v ed t h at
th e l la m a s y m boliz es f e rtil ity a n d h as a u niq ue a sso cia tio n w ith t h e s u n a n d t h e
ra in .
Utilit a ria n
Obje ct
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Snow S hoes, 1 891, W ood/f ib er/le ath er, N orth A m eric an I n dia n , N /A .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// f il e s.d m a.o rg /m ultim ed ia /im ag es/6 8316827110889763_m ed iu m .j p g
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
The s n ow s h oes a b ove w ere u ti liz e d a s a u se fu l a rtic le b y N orth A m eric an I n dia n s,
in ste ad o f j u st f o r a esth etic p urp ose s. A s s im ple a s i t s o unds, t h e p urp ose o f t h ese
hom em ad e s h oes w ere t o h elp p eo ple w alk t h ro ugh t h e d en se s n ow d urin g t h e
win te rti m e w ith out t r ip pin g. T he m ate ria ls u se d i n clu de w ood, l e ath er, a n d f ib er –
all f o un d i n n atu re o r m ad e f ro m a n im al h id e t h at t h e n ativ e p eo ple h unte d f o r,
th em se lv es.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e
?Taos
Pueb lo
? m ad e b y t h e P ueb lo t r ib e. T hese w ere h ouse s m ad e o f a d obe, h av in g t h e
purp ose o f s h elt e r f o r p eo ple o f t h is t r ib e. T he l a d ders a ro und t h e a re a p ro vid ed
peo ple a cc ess t o t h e r o ofs o r h ig her f lo ors o f t h e s h elte r. T he r o of w as a n a re a
ofte n u se d b y t r ib e m em bers t o h ost c o m munal g ath erin gs. T his a rc h ite ctu re u se s
new m ed ia c o m bin ed w ith t h e c re ati o n o f t r a d itio nal s tr u ctu re s.
A w ork t h at
sh ow s a c rea tio n
myth o r
co sm olo gy
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Spid er M onkey w ith W in d G od R eg alia
?, 1 3th 16th c en tu ry , S to ne, A zte c , M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /7 65334
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This A zte c a rtw ork r e p re se n ts a m yth olo gic al c re atu re t h at h as a c o rr e la tio n w ith
th e c o sm olo gy o f t h e t r ib es r e lig io us b elie fs . T he a n im al s c u lp te d h ere i s a sp id er
monkey , w hic h w as a n m ean in gfu l s y m bol a ll a cro ss M eso am eric a d urin g t h is
tim e. T his p ie ces r ig id s u rfa ce h elp s t o e m phasiz e t h e i d ea o f h ostility . T he a n im al
wears a c o lla r, e ar o rn am en ts , w ris t a n d a n kle b ra cele ts t h at a re a ll s im ila r t o t h ose
th at t h e A zte cs w ould w ea r. H is p ositio n d ep ic ts h im s ittin g p erc h ed , r e ach in g
aro un d h im se lf t o g ra b h is o w n t a il, w ith h is t e eth o ut a s t h ough h e i s g ro w lin g. A ll
of t h is b ody l a n guag e r e p re se n ts a g gre ssio n a n d s y m boliz es t h e W in d G od. T he
base o f t h is s c u lp tu re i m ita te s t h e r a tt le o f a s e rp en t.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s
?The G oddess
Coatlic u e
?, a s c u lp tu re t h at i s k now n a s sh e o f t h e s e rp en t s k ir t b ecau se s h e w ears
a s k ir t o f e n ta n gle d s n ak es. T he f ig ure s h ow n w as k now n t o h av e n ot s u rv iv ed a n
en co unte r o f m urd er, h en ce w hy a re t h ere a re s y m bols o f g ush in g b lo od a ro und
her b o dy. H er f e et h av e c la w s, s h e w ea rs a s k ull a ro und h er n eck la ce m ad e o f
han ds, a n d h er f o rm i s i m men se . A ll o ff t h ese c h ara cte ris tic s s y m boliz e d eath o r
th e i d ea t o s ta y a w ay f ro m h er b ecau se s h e i s p ow erfu l.
Anim al i m agery
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Vultu re V esse l
?, 1 2001521, C era m ic , A zte c, M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 14365
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This A zte c w ork o f a rt p ortr a y s a v ultu re h av in g t h e f u nctio n o f a v esse l. T he
dif fe re n t c o lo rs u se d t h ro ughout t h is p ie ce c re ate s c o ntr a st b etw een t h e d if f e re n t
are as, a s d oes t h e s h in y s u rf a ce v ers u s t h e m atte s u rf a ce. B ir d s w ere o fte n t h ought
of a s m esse n gers b etw een t h e l iv in g w orld a n d a h ig her w orld i n t h is t r ib e. T he
vultu re i n s p ecif ic i s k now n t o k il l f o r f o od, w hic h s y m boliz es h um an s a crif ic e.
This v esse l w as t h ought t o b e u se d d urin g c e re m onie s t h at w as f o cu se d a ro und t h e
bir d a n d i t s a ctio ns o r p urp ose a s a n a n im al.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e
?Griz z ly
Bea r H ouse -P arti tio n S cre en
?. T he p eo ple o f t h e N orth w est C oast b elie v ed t h at
th ey a s h um an s e v olv ed f ro m a n im al- h um an s p ecie s, h en ce w hy t h ey u se s o m uch
an im al i m ag ery t h ro ughout t h eir a rtw ork . T his p ie ce i s m ad e o f l a rg e p la n ks f ro m
North w est C oast p eo ple s c o m m unal h ouse s. T he h ole i n t h e b otto m o f t h e
co m positi o n i s n ot o nly t h e b ea rs v ag in a, b ut a ls o a h ole t o p ut o nes h ead t h ro ugh
– t h is s y m boliz es h um an b ir th f ro m a n a n im al, l ik e t h e A zte cs b elie v ed t h eir
an cesto rs t o h av e d one. S om e a d ded i m ag ery a m ongst t h is p ie ce i s t h at t h ere a re
sm alle r b ea rs a ll t h ro ughout t h e p ie ce , r e p re se n tin g h ow m ultip le p ie ces o f o ne
pers o n a re m ad e u p b y t h e c h ara cte ris tic s o f o th ers .
Rep rese n ta tio n
of a d eit y
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Fig ure V esse l
?, 1 6th c en tu ry , C era m ic , H uaste c, V era cru z.
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 10589
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This a rtw ork r e p re se n ts a d eity i n m an y w ay s. T he m an s m outh i s s ta in ed , w hic h
is a c le ar r e p re se n ta tio n o f s ig nif y in g a d eity . T he c era m ic i s c o vere d w ith a
so ft- c o lo re d s li p f o r s h in e a n d p atte rn s c o ver h is b ody l ik e t a tto os, w hic h e ach
re p re se n t s o m eth in g d if f e re n t. T he f ig ure s e y es a re s e en a s t h ough t h ey a re r o llin g
to t h e b ack o f h is h ead t o d ep ic t t h at h e i s i n a d aze o f s o m e s o rt. T his m ost l ik ely
co rre la te s t o i t s u se , w hic h i s t o p our l iq uid s s u ch a s s tr o ng a lc o hol i n o rd er t o
hav e a s tr o ng c o m m unic atio n w ith t h e G ods.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e
?Cale n dar
Sto ne
?. T his i s a f u nctio nal p ie ce t h at t h e A zte cs u se d t o c alc u la te t im e. T he d is k i s
not o nly m ean t t o l o ok l i k e t h e S un, b ut u se s t h e S un t o c re ate s h ad ow s o n i ts
bas-re lie f s u rfa ce t o d ep ic t t h e t im e. T his l o w s h allo w r e lie f i s u se d b ecau se i t
cre ate s d ee p er s h ad ow s. T he p ie c e i s m ad e o f v olc an ic b asa lt, w hic h w as t h e
Azte c s p re fe rre d m ed iu m . T here i s a f a ce i n t h e c en te r o f t h e c o m positio n t h at h as
a p ro tr u din g t o ngue, c la w ed h an ds, a n d l a rg e e ars w hic h w ere a ll k now n t o
re p re se n t t h e G od o f t h e S un. T he v ie w er m ay b e a b le t o i n fe r t h at t h e A zte cs f e lt
sig nif ic an ce w ith t h e n um ber f o ur, a s t h e c ale n dar i s o rg an iz ed i n to f o ur q uad ra n ts
in m an y w ay s. O ne e x am ple o f t h is i s t h at i t d is p la y s t h e f o ur t h in gs t h at t h ey
belie v ed t o r a v ag ed t h e e arth , w hic h w as w in d, w ild a n im als , f lo ods, a n d
volc a n oes. T here i s m ore i m ag ery t h ro ughout t h e p ie ce a n d t h e d if fe re n t q uad ra n ts
as w ell.
Com mem ora tio n
of a n
ach ie v em en t o r
an e x p lo it
Id en ti f y t h e w ork o f a rt ( ti tle , d ate , m ed iu m , c u ltu re , l o ca tio n ):
Serp en t L abre t w it h A rtic u la te d T ongue
?, 1 3001521, G old A zte c, C en tr a l M ex ic o .
In se rt a n I m age o f t h e w ork o f a rt b elo w ( in clu de t h e U RL):
s:// w w w.m etm use u m .o rg /a rt/ c o lle ctio n/s e arc h /3 21343
Desc rib e a n d a n aly ze t h e s ty le , t e ch niq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y o f t h e a rtw ork .
Then , e x pla in h ow i t r e p re se n ts i ts c u ltu ra l c o n te x t:
This a rtw ork r e p re se n ts t h e c o m mem ora tio n o f a n a ch ie v em en t, a s i t w as
so m etim es a w ard ed t o p eo ple i n v ie w o f s p ecif ic a cco m plis h m en ts w hen i t c o m es
to w ar. T his m ate ria l, c o lo r, a n d l u ste r a ll g iv e e m phasis t o t h e i d ea t h at w hom ev er
is w ea rin g t h e p ie ce w as p ow erfu l, w ealth y, o r d ese rv in g o f c o ngra tu la tio ns f o r a n
acco m pli s h m en t. T he s n ak es h ea d i n clu des a c o m pellin g j a w w ith s h arp t e eth a n d
a f e w f a n gs. T his p ie ce i s m oveab le a n d w as t h ought t o m ove w ith t h e m ovem en t
of w ho m ev er w as w earin g i t, u su ally n oble s w ho w ould o fte n w ear o n t h eir l o w er
lip ( in se rte d t h ro ugh t h e l o w er l ip . l ik e a p ie rc in g). G old i s u se d a s t h e m ate ria l f o r
th is a cc esso ry , w hic h w as t h ought o f a s a g if t f ro m G od.
Com pare t o a r e le va n t a rtw ork o r o bje ct f r o m t h e t e x tb ook, n otin g a n y
sim ila ritie s o r d if fe re n ces i n s ty le , t e c h n iq u e, a n d i c o n ogra ph y:
A w ork o f a rt f ro m t h e t e x tb ook s im ila r t o t h e p ie ce s h ow n a b ove i s t h e
?Battl e
Scen e, H id e P ain ti n g
? o f t h e p eo ple o f t h e G re at P la in s. T his p ie ce i s t h e p rim al
docu m en ta tio n o f b uffa lo h id e r o bes. I llu str a te d o n t h is h id e i s a b attle o f t h e
Man dan a n d t h e S io ux. T he l ig ht b ack gro und c re ate s a c o ntr a st w ith t h e d ark d ye
use d t o d ep ic t t h e p eo ple p ain te d o n t h e h id e. T his p ie ce i s u se d d urin g c ere m onie s
of a ch ie v em en t, w here t h e h id e i s l a id o ver t h e m an s s h ould ers w hose
acco m pli s h m en ts a re b ein g c ele b ra te d . W ith t h e h id e o n h is s h ould ers , t h e m an i s
th ough t t o c h an ge i n to a l iv in g p ortr a y al o f h is a d ven tu re s.