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Posted: March 4th, 2024
CHAPTER – IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data to study the effectiveness of assertiveness training programme on the level of self esteem among adolescents at selected school. The result findings have been tabulated and interpreted according to plan for data analysis. The data collected from 60 samples were grouped and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results are presented under the following.
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
Section A: Distribution of demographic variables of adolescents
Section B: Distribution of subjects according to level of self esteem among adolescents before and after training programme.
Section C: Comparison of effectiveness of assertive training programme on the level of Self esteem among adolescents in experimental group and wait listed control group.
Section D: Association between the level of self esteem among adolescents with selected demographic variables.
SECTION A
Table No 1: Distribution of subjects according to their demographic variables
(N=60)
|
S.No |
Demographic variables |
Experimental group |
Wait listed Control group |
||
|
Frequency |
% |
Frequency |
% |
||
|
1. |
Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs |
12 17 1 |
40 56.7 3.3 |
10 19 1 |
33.3 63.3 3.3 |
|
2. |
Sex
b. Female |
10 20 |
33.3 66.7 |
14 16 |
46.7 53.3 |
|
3. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Christian c. Muslim |
19 8 3 |
63.3 26.7 10 |
15 8 7 |
50 26.7 23.3 |
|
4. |
Residency a. Urban b. Rural |
19 11 |
63.3 36.7 |
20 10 |
66.7 33.3 |
|
5. |
Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint |
23 7 |
76.7 23.3 |
20 10 |
66.7 33.3 |
|
6. |
Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate |
3 8 9 10 |
10 26.7 30 33.3 |
4 10 8 8 |
13.3 33.3 26.7 26.7 |
|
7. |
Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate |
6 9 9 6 |
20 30 30 20 |
9 10 6 5 |
30 33.3 20 16.7 |
|
8. |
Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie |
5 7 15 3 |
16.7 23.3 50 10 |
3 10 14 3 |
10 33.3 46.7 10 |
|
9. |
Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife |
3 10 1 16 |
10 33.3 3.3 53.3 |
3 15 1 11 |
10 50 3.3 36.7 |
|
10. |
Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 & above |
6 13 11 |
20 43.3 36.7 |
8 15 7 |
26.7 50 23.3 |
Table 1 : Shows that frequency and percentage distribution of demographic variables of experimental and wait listed control group with respect to age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, mother’s education, mother’s occupation and annual income.
(33.3 %) were graduates & in Wait Listed Control Group 10 (33.3%) were Primary education level.
FIG:3 –Distribution of subjects according to their age in both experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:4 – Distribution of subjects according to their Sex in both experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:5 – Distribution of subjects according to their Religion among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:6 –Distribution of subjects in Residency among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:7 –Distribution of subjects in type of family among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:8 –Distribution of subjects in father’s education among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:9 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s education among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:10 –Distribution of subjects in father’s occupation among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:11 –Distribution of subjects in mother’s occupation among experimental and wait listed control group
FIG:12 –Distribution of subjects in annual income of the family among experimental and wait listed control group
SECTION B
Table 2: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after
Assertiveness training among adolescents.
(N=60)
|
S.No |
Level of self esteem |
Group |
Range of score |
Mean |
SD |
|||
|
High SE |
Low SE |
|||||||
|
60-80 |
80-100 |
20-40 |
40-60 |
|||||
|
1. |
Before assertiveness training |
Experimental group |
52.06 |
7.6 |
||||
|
Wait listed control group |
53.96 |
3.9 |
||||||
|
2. |
After assertiveness training |
Experimental group (post1) |
79.8 |
5.7 |
||||
|
Experimental group (post 2) |
74.83 |
9.03 |
||||||
|
Wait listed Control group |
55.13 |
3.86 |
Table 2 shows that distribution of subjects according to the level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents. In that, mean value of level of self esteem before assertiveness training in experimental group was 52.06 & in control group it was 53.96 and also the mean value of level of self esteem after assertiveness training in experimental group post test 1 and post test 2 was 79.8 & 74.83 , and in control group it was 55.13
FIG 15: Distribution of subjects according to their level of self esteem before and after assertiveness training among adolescents.
SECTION C
Table 3 : Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group.
(N=60)
|
S.NO |
Level of self esteem |
Group |
Mean |
SD |
‘t’ value |
|
1. |
Pre test |
Experimental group |
52.06 |
7.6 |
1.213 (NS) |
|
Wait listed Control group |
53.96 |
3.9 |
NS –Not significant
Table 3 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in pre test level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 1.213 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between level of self esteem among experimental and control group and also shows that both the groups were homogenous before giving assertiveness training.
FIG:16- Comparison of mean pre test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group and Wait Listed Control Group
Table 4 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem among adolescents in
Experimental Group and Control Group.(N=60)
|
S.NO |
Level of self esteem |
Group |
Mean |
SD |
‘t’ value |
|
1. |
Post test 1 |
Experimental group |
79.8 |
5.68 |
19.640** |
|
Wait listed Control group |
55.13 |
3.86 |
|||
|
2. |
Post test 2 |
Experimental group |
74.83 |
9.03 |
10.982** |
|
Wait listed Control group |
55.13 |
3.86 |
** Significant at .001 level
Table 4 describes that obtained independent ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem between experimental and control group is 19.640 & 10.982 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between post test 1 and post test 2 level of self esteem among experimental and control group after receiving assertiveness training.
FIG:17 – Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in both groups
Table 5 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30)
|
S.NO |
Group |
Test |
Mean |
SD |
‘t’ value |
|
1. |
Experimental group |
Pre test Post test 1 |
52.06 79.8 |
7.6 5.68 |
16.181** |
|
Pre test Post test 2 |
52.06 74.83 |
7.6 9.03 |
10.694** |
** Significant at 0.001 level
Table 5 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre, Post test1& Post test 2 level of self esteem in Experimental group is 16.181 & 10.694 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among Experimental group after receiving assertiveness training.
FIG:18 – Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Experimental Group
Table 6 : Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait listed Control Group. (N=30)
|
S.NO |
Group |
Test |
Mean |
SD |
‘t’ value |
|
1. |
Wait listed Control group |
Pre test Post test |
53.96 55.13 |
3.9 3.86 |
1.125 (NS) |
Table 6 depicts that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in Pre and Post test level of self esteem in Control group is 1.125 and it is not statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is no significant difference exist between pre and post test level of self esteem among adolescents in Wait Listed Control group.
FIG:19- Comparison of mean Pre and Post test level of self esteem among adolescents
in Wait Listed Control Group
Table 7 : Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group (N=30)
|
S.NO |
Group |
Test |
MEAN |
SD |
T value |
P value |
|
1. |
Experimental Group |
Post Test1 Post Test2 |
79.8 74.83 |
5.6 9.03 |
2.43 |
0.021* |
** Significant at .01 level
Table 7 revealed that obtained paired ‘t’ value for the mean difference in post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time (immediate, one month after) among adolescents in Experimental Group is 2.43 and it is statistically significant at 0.05 level, hence there is significant improvement in level of self esteem among adolescents in different period of time ( immediate, one month after) in experimental group.
FIG: 20 – Comparison of mean post test value of level of self esteem in different period of time among adolescents in Experimental Group
SECTION D:
Table no: 8- Association between post-test level of self esteem among adolescents with demographic variables in Experimental Group & Wait listed control group (N=60)
|
S.NO |
Demographic variables |
Experimental group |
Wait listed control group |
||
|
Frequency |
P value |
Frequency |
P value |
||
|
1. |
Age a .11-13 yrs b. 13-15yrs c. 15-17yrs |
12 17 1 |
0.263 (NS) |
10 19 1 |
0.668 (NS) |
|
2. |
Sex
b. Female |
10 20 |
0.595 (NS) |
14 16 |
0.314 (NS) |
|
3. |
Religion a. Hindu b. Muslim c. Christian |
19 8 3 |
0.395 (NS) |
15 8 7 |
0.064 (NS) |
|
4. |
Residency a. Urban b. Rural |
19 11 |
0.172 (NS) |
20 10 |
0.514 (NS) |
|
5. |
Type of family a. Nuclear b. Joint |
23 7 |
0.260 (NS) |
20 10 |
0.374 (NS) |
|
6. |
Father’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate |
3 8 9 10 |
0.388 (NS) |
4 10 8 8 |
0.17 (NS) |
|
7. |
Mother’s education a. Illiterate b. Primary c. Higher secondary d. Graduate |
6 9 9 6 |
0.512 (NS) |
9 10 6 5 |
0.632 (NS) |
|
8. |
Father’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. coolie |
5 7 15 3 |
0.406 (NS) |
3 10 14 3 |
0.415 (NS) |
|
9. |
Mother’s occupation a. Government sector b. Private sector c. Business d. Housewife |
3 10 1 16 |
0.12 (NS) |
3 15 1 11 |
0.334 (NS) |
|
10. |
Annual Income a. 50000-100000 b. 100000-200000 c. 200000 & above |
6 13 11 |
0.075 (NS) |
8 15 7 |
0.527 (NS) |
* Significant at 0.01 level
NS – Not significant
Table 8 reveals that the calculated chi square test value for level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation and annual income in experimental group.
It also shows that there is no significant association exist between the level of self esteem with demographic variables such as age, sex, religion, residency, type of family, father’s education, father’s occupation, annual income and academic performance in wait listed control group.
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