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Group 4: Rafi Saadallah, Anthony Hill, Alex Nedved, Angel Withrow
Bezlotoxumab (Zinplava)
BLT with MAYO Clinic
Pharmacy and Therapeutic committee
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Drug Evaluation Monograph:
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Generic Name
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Bezlotoxumab
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Brand Name Can You Help with Reflective Essays?Our writers craft thoughtful reflective essays, blending personal insight with academic structure to meet your goals. We capture your voice perfectly. Reflective writing requires balancing personal experience with scholarly analysis. Share your story or guidelines to get started. Research study bay professionals excel at combining personal narrative with academic rigor.
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Zinplava
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Manufacturer
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MERCK SHARP DOHME
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Therapeutic Category
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80:04 Antitoxins and Immune Globulins What Is Your Quality Control Process?Every paper is reviewed by editors for accuracy, style, and originality, ensuring it meets high academic standards. We use advanced tools to guarantee quality. Our multi-tiered review system includes both automated checks and expert human evaluation. Your paper will exceed expectations every time. Paper writing quality assurance involves multiple verification stages before delivery.
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Classification
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J06BB: Specific Immunoglobulins
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FDA Classification: Approved (rating not specified)
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Status: Rx only
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Similar Agents on Market Can You Include Specific Sources?Yes, provide your sources or let our writers find credible ones, properly cited to support your paper. Every source is cited perfectly. We integrate your required readings seamlessly while maintaining academic citation standards. Share your materials in the order form for best results. Assignment writer expertise ensures proper source integration and citation accuracy.
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None
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Summary:
Zinplava is the first and only monoclonal antibody FDA approved for prevention of recurrent C. Diff infections. It is used as an add on therapy to decrease risk of recurrent C. Diff. Zinplava is currently the only drug in its class because it’s currently the only drug in the market that prevents the recurrence of CDI instead of treating the actual infection. The drugs mechanisms of action is unique due to its ability to inhibit Toxin B and stopping its effects on the cell. After looking at the trials, it’s hard to see any side effects that can prevent people from taking this drug. Most of the Zinplava’s side effects were nausea, headaches, and infusion problems. It is recommended to not use this drug with people who have congestive heart failure.
Recommendations:
It is recommended to add Zinplava to the drug formulary for add on therapy. It is usefull for those patients that are at especially high risk of a recurrent C. Diff infection. Zinplava currently costs $4,560.00 per vial and while it has been proven to reduce the risk of recurrent zinplava the use of this medication can only be justified in patients that meet criteria that would put them at high risk of recurrent C. Difff. With other options available to prevent recurrent C. Diff it can only be justified to use zinplava in a particular group of patients that cannot tolerate alternative medical interventions and are at an increased risk of recurrent C. Diff.
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Pharmacological Data:
Mechanism of action: A monoclonal antibody that inhibits Toxin B (does not bind to Toxin A) and stops the effect on Mammalian cells. This drug should not be used alone, instead it needs to be used in conjunction with other antibiotics to treat recurrence cases of C.Diff.
Therapeutic Indications:
FDA approved on June 9th, 2016 for the prevention and treatment of recurrent C.diff in patients > 18 years of age that are undergoing antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of C. Diff.
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Evidence Based Guidelines
–Zinplava was approved in October 2016 and its place in guideline therapy has not yet been determined. It is the first monoclonal antibody approved for the prevention of recurrent C. Diff. and guidelines do not yet reflect therapy with zinplava for the prevention of primary or recurrent C. Diff. All guidelines available are only for the treatment of C.diff and do not yet include zinplava.
Clinical Studies:
The safety of Zinplava was evaluated in two placebo-controlled Phase 3 trials. Patients received a single Zinplava dose with antimicrobial treatment for C. diff infection. Between the experimental group and placebo group, mortality rates were slightly lower in the experimental group at 7.1% compared to 7.6% at a 12 week follow-up. Common side effects noted were nausea, pyrexia, and headache. Heart failure was listed as a serious adverse reaction, as it occurred in 2.3% of the experimental group compared to 1% in the placebo group. Infusion related reactions were reported in 10% of patients treated with Zinplava compared to 8% of placebo patients.
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In terms of recurrence prevention efficacy, Trial 1 had 386 patients in the Zinplava group and 395 patients in the control group. Disease recurrence was found in 67 patients (17.4%) treated with Zinplava and in 109 patients (27.6%) of the control group. In Trial 2, there were 395 patients in the Zinplava group and 378 patients in the control group. Disease recurrence was found in 62 patients (15.7%) treated with Zinplava and in 97 patients (25.7%) of the control group. There was no statistical significance
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. A study of MK-3415, MK-6072, and MK-3415A in participants receiving antibiotic therapy for clostridium difficile infection (MK-3415A-001) (MODIFY I). NLM Identifier: NCT01241552. Last updated November 30, 2015. Available at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01241552?term=NCT01241552&rank=1.
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. A study of MK-6072 and MK-3415A in participants receiving antibiotic therapy for clostridium difficile infection (MK-3415A-002) (MODIFY 11). NLM Identifier: NCT01513239. Last updated October 29, 2015. Available at: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01513239?term=NCT01513239&rank=1.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability
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Absorption
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Immediately and 100% bioavailable Can You Help with Policy Briefs?We craft concise, persuasive policy briefs, backed by research and tailored to influence your audience. Our writers deliver impactful arguments. Policy briefs require strategic framing and evidence-based recommendations for decision-makers. Provide your topic for a compelling brief. Ace my homework extends to professional policy writing for public administration courses.
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Distribution
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Vd is 7.33 L
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Metabolism
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By Catabolism What Is Your Revision Turnaround?Revisions are completed within 24 to 48 hours, with rush options to meet urgent deadlines without delay. We act fast to keep your paper on track. Our efficient revision process prioritizes quick turnaround while maintaining quality standards. Submit your revision requests through your account for quick results. My assignment help includes rapid revision services for time-sensitive adjustments.
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Excretion
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Primarily by Catabolism
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Dosage Forms:
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Drug Can You Write for Online Courses?We handle assignments for online courses, adapting to digital formats and specific platform requirements. Our writers ensure seamless integration with your course. Online course assignments often have unique submission formats and discussion requirements. Upload your assignment details to get started. Paper writing for online education accommodates various learning management systems.
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Bezlotoxumab
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Formulation
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Solution
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Strength
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1000 mg/40 ml (25 mg/ml) How Do You Protect My Data?Your personal and order details are encrypted and never shared, ensuring total privacy and security. We prioritize your confidentiality at every step. Bank-level encryption protects all transmitted data from unauthorized access. Your information is safe with us. Assessment help security protocols safeguard all student information comprehensively.
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Storage
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2-8 °C (Do not freeze)
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Special considerations
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Solutions diluted for infusion may be stored at room temperature for up to 16 hours or under refrigeration for up to 24 hours.
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Administration Can You Help with Critical Analyses?Our writers produce sharp critical analyses, evaluating sources and arguments with academic precision. We bring clarity to complex ideas. Critical analysis requires both comprehension and evaluation of underlying assumptions. Share your topic for an insightful analysis. Research study bay expertise delivers sophisticated critical thinking in every analysis.
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Infusion over a 60 minute period through a sterile, low protein binding 0.2 to 5 micro line or add on filter. Can be administered through a central line or a peripheral catheter.
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Dosage Range:
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Adults
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IV 10 mg/kg (single dose) What Is Your Availability for Support?<>Our support team is here 24/7 via chat, email, or phone, ready to help with any order concerns. We are committed to your success. Multiple communication channels ensure you can reach us through your preferred method. Reach out anytime for assistance! Essay writer support connects you with help whenever questions arise.
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Children
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Only studied in 18 years or older
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Elderly
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Same as adult dosing
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Hepatic Failure Can You Handle Mixed-Method Research?We combine qualitative and quantitative methods in research papers, delivering balanced, rigorous results. Our writers ensure depth and accuracy. Mixed-method approaches require expertise in both statistical analysis and qualitative interpretation. Provide your research needs for a tailored paper. Assignment writer proficiency spans diverse research methodologies for comprehensive studies.
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No dose adjustments
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Renal Impairment
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No dose adjustments
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Adverse Effects
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Adverse Effects
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Nausea, Pyrexia, Headache, Infusion related reactions, Immunogenicity
Serious: Congestive Heart Failure exacerbation Do You Offer Free Revisions?Yes, free revisions are available within 7 days to ensure your paper meets all your expectations. We are here to make it perfect. Our revision policy covers both minor adjustments and substantial changes as needed. Submit your feedback through your account. Ace tutors remain committed to revision support until complete satisfaction.
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Special Precautions: In congestive heart failure patients, Bezlotoxumab should be reserved for patients where benefit outweighs the risk in order to reduce risk of worsening heart failure.
Contraindications:
– None
Drug Interactions:
-Belimumab: Monoclonal Antibodies may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Belimumab(Brand name: Benlysta).
Drug Food interactions:
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–None.
Drug Laboratory Test interactions:
–None.
Patient Safety:
-Zinplava has a good side effect profile with the most common side effect being nausea. The patient should tell their doctor if they have or have had a history of congestive heart failure, as it can be a serious side effect of the zinplava.
Monitoring Guidelines :
– Monitor for signs and symptoms of adverse reactions.
Patient Information:
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-Zinplava doesn’t take the place of their antibacterial treatment for CDI. Patient must continue to take their treatment regimen as directed. You will need to have a doctors appointment to receive Zinplava. Administration will take one hour via IV route. If you miss an appointment, contact your doctor right away.
Cost Comparison:
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Drug (Strength)
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Daily Dose/Dosing
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AWP
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Zinplava 1000 mg/40 mL (25 mg/mL)
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10 mg/kg infusion over 1 hour
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$4560.00( per vial: 1000 mg/40 ml)
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Vancomycin HCL in dextrose IV
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-1g/200ml How Do You Support International Students?We tailor papers to your academic system and language needs, ensuring clarity for international students. Our writers make academic work accessible. International students benefit from our understanding of diverse educational systems and conventions. Let us know your needs for a perfect fit. Paper writing support accommodates global students with culturally sensitive academic assistance.
-500 mg/100 ml
-750 mg/150 ml
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$27.65
$7.92
$14.50 Can You Meet Custom Deadlines?We work with your specific deadlines, prioritizing tasks to deliver quality papers exactly when you need them. Your schedule is our priority. Flexible deadline options accommodate both standard and non-standard timeframes. Specify your deadline in the order form. My assignment help scheduling flexibility ensures delivery aligned with your academic calendar.
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Vancomycin HCL in NaCl IV
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-1g/200 ml
-500 mg/100 ml
-750 mg/150 ml
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$8.82
$15.40
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Vancomycin HCL IV
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500 mg
750 mg
1000 mg
5000 mg
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$206.40
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$11.63
$15.60
$85.50
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Pharmacoeconomic Analysis:
Problem definition:
-The objective of this analysis is to determine if Zinplava should be used as an add on to antimicrobial therapy.
Perspective:
-Will be from the perspective of the institution.
Specific treatment alternatives and outcomes:
-Zinplava can only be used as an add on to antimicrobial therapy for the treatment and prevention of recurrent Clostridium Difficile. The treatment options are either antimicrobial therapy without zinplava and antimicrobial therapy with zinplava.
Pharmacoeconomic model:
– Number need to treat with zinplava will be used in order to detail the effects that zinplava has in order to make a realistic judgement as to whether or not zinplava is worth the extra cost to add on therapy in terms of determining if adding on zinplava can be justified from an economic perspective. .
-NNT (Vancomycin and Zinplava) = 5.5
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Drugs:
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Average Cost:
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Vancomycin
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$25.6 (per 1 gram)
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Vancomycin + Zinplava
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$25.6 (per 1 gram) + $4,560 (1000mg/40 ml) = $4,585.6
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[Note to reader: Number needed to treat data was extrapolated from a randomized, double blind controlled study using 200 patients during a phase 2 trial. Recurrence of C. Diff. (measured after 84 days) between the monoclonal antibody and placebo group was 7% and 25%, respectively with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value <0.001. Since zinplava is a new drug to the market (FDA approved June 2016) there is not a wide variety of economic analysis available at this time. ]
Presented by Rafi Saadallah, Anthony Hill, Alex Nedved, Angel Withrow to the Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee on March 10th, 2017
Reference:
Lowy I, Molrine DC, Leav BA, Blair BM, Baxter R, Gerding DN, Nichol G, Thomas WD, Jr., Leney M, Sloan S, Hay CA, Ambrosino DM: Treatment with monoclonal antibodies against Clostridium difficile toxins. N Engl J Med 2010, 362:197-205.(Economic analysis refrence)