Posted: June 14th, 2023

Compare Freud’s and Erikson’s theories of human development

Each of your five required assignments should be at least one page (two – three paragraphs), two pages if necessary. You should submit your assignments through the Safe Assign Link provided with the specific assignment you choose to complete.
Please make sure to reference any textbook material you use in your response.
Due Date -March 24th
1. Compare Freud’s and Erikson’s theories of human development by explaining at least one feature they have in common and at least two ways in which they differ 2. Several social changes are contributing to increases in the prevalence of both asthma and obesity. Identify three such changes and suggest how they may be leading to an increase in these conditions. 3. Define “emotional intelligence” as this term was used by Daniel Goleman. Then describe three of the four areas of emotional intelligence that Goleman identified. 4. Describe how gender and ethnicity are linked to life expectancy. What might this pattern of results suggest about lifestyle differences among these groups of people? 5. Identify 4 different abilities that are assessed by the Newborn Behavioral Observation system and briefly describe each of these, indicating what they involve.

Freud and Erikson are two influential psychoanalytic theorists who have contributed significantly to the understanding of human development. One feature they have in common is that they both emphasize the importance of early childhood experiences in shaping later personality development. Freud’s theory focuses on the psychosexual stages of development, with the primary emphasis on unconscious sexual and aggressive drives, while Erikson’s theory emphasizes the psychosocial stages of development and the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping personality development.
However, Freud and Erikson differ in their approach to the stages of development. Freud’s psychosexual stages are focused on the individual’s internal conflicts and how they resolve them. Erikson’s psychosocial stages emphasize the importance of external factors such as cultural norms, social expectations, and the individual’s relationships with others in shaping personality development. Another difference between Freud and Erikson is that Freud’s theory places more emphasis on the role of biology in shaping personality development, while Erikson’s theory places more emphasis on the role of social and cultural factors.

The prevalence of both asthma and obesity has been on the rise in recent years, and there are several social changes that may be contributing to this trend. One change is the shift towards a more sedentary lifestyle, with many people spending more time sitting at a desk or in front of a screen. This lack of physical activity can contribute to both obesity and asthma, as a sedentary lifestyle can lead to weight gain and reduce lung capacity.
Another change is the increased availability of highly processed and calorie-dense foods, which can contribute to weight gain and increase the risk of developing asthma. This can be attributed to changes in food production and distribution, as well as cultural shifts towards convenience and fast food consumption.
Lastly, environmental factors such as air pollution and exposure to allergens have been linked to both asthma and obesity. Air pollution can trigger asthma symptoms and contribute to respiratory problems, while exposure to allergens can cause allergic reactions that may lead to asthma. Additionally, air pollution has been linked to obesity, as it can disrupt hormones that regulate metabolism and contribute to insulin resistance.

Daniel Goleman popularized the term “emotional intelligence,” which refers to the ability to perceive, understand, and manage one’s own emotions and the emotions of others. According to Goleman, there are four areas of emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, and relationship management.
Self-awareness involves the ability to recognize and understand one’s own emotions and how they impact thoughts, behavior, and decision-making. Self-regulation involves the ability to control and manage one’s emotions, thoughts, and behavior in a constructive and adaptive way. Social awareness involves the ability to understand and empathize with the emotions of others and to navigate social situations effectively. Finally, relationship management involves the ability to use emotional intelligence to build and maintain positive relationships with others, communicate effectively, and resolve conflicts.
Developing emotional intelligence is an important aspect of personal growth and can have a significant impact on one’s professional and personal success. By improving emotional intelligence skills, individuals can better manage stress, build better relationships, and enhance their ability to make sound decisions.

Gender and ethnicity have been found to be linked to differences in life expectancy. Women tend to live longer than men, and certain ethnic groups, such as Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans, tend to have longer life expectancies than African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. These differences can be attributed to a variety of factors, including lifestyle differences, access to healthcare, and genetic factors.
For example, women tend to engage in healthier behaviors, such as getting regular checkups and engaging in physical activity, which can contribute to longer life expectancies. Ethnic groups that have longer life expectancies may have cultural norms that encourage healthy behaviors, such as consuming a diet high in fruits and vegetables and engaging in regular physical activity.
These patterns of results suggest that lifestyle differences among different groups of people may play an important role in shaping life expectancy. Additionally, access to healthcare and genetic factors may also contribute to these differences, highlighting the importance of addressing health disparities to promote health equity.

The Newborn Behavioral Observation (NBO) system is a tool used to assess the newborn’s behavior and developmental status. It involves observing the infant’s behavior in four different areas: state organization, motor development, reflexes, and visual and auditory orientation.
State organization involves observing the newborn’s level of arousal, ranging from deep sleep to alert and active states. Motor development involves assessing the infant’s ability to move their limbs and control their body movements. Reflexes involve observing the newborn’s response to various stimuli, such as sucking, grasping, and startle reflexes. Visual and auditory orientation involve assessing the infant’s ability to respond to visual and auditory stimuli, such as following a moving object with their eyes or turning their head towards a sound.
The NBO system is a valuable tool for healthcare providers to assess the newborn’s developmental status and identify any potential developmental delays or concerns. By identifying developmental concerns early on, healthcare providers can intervene and provide appropriate support to promote healthy development.