Posted: March 26th, 2023

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease
Will is a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension. Eight months ago, he started regular dialysis therapy for ESRD. Before that, his physician was closely monitoring his condition because he had polyuria and nocturia. Soon it became difficult to manage his hypertension. He also lost his appetite, became weak, easily fatigued, and had edema around his ankles. Will debated with his physician about starting dialysis, but she insisted, before the signs and symptoms of uremia increased, the treatment was absolutely necessary (Chapter 34, Learning Objectives 1 to 4).
What is the difference between azotemia and uremia?
Two years ago, Will’s physician told him to decrease his protein intake. In spite of what the physician ordered, Will could not stop having chicken, beef, pork, or eggs at least once a day. Why did his physician warn him about his diet?
Will’s feelings of weakness and fatigue are symptoms of anemia. Why is he anemic?
Knowing what you do about Will’s history, why is left ventricular dysfunction a concern for his physician?
Instructions:
Your primary post should be at least 200 words long and should include reference to the textbook or another course resource using APA 7th edition format. Your primary post is due by Wednesday at midnight ET.
Respond with at least 100 words (each) to at least two classmates’ posts by Sunday at midnight ET. For this step, I will need to send my response first, then i will send you 2 classmate discussions so you can do the 100 words response to each student.
BOOK Norris, T. L. (2020). Porth’s Essentials of Pathophysiology (5 edition). Lippincott Coursepoint- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of The American PsychologicalAssociation (7 Ed). Washington, D.C. ISBN: 978-1433832-161
!
Azotemia and uremia are two conditions that affect the kidneys. Azotemia is a buildup of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, including urea, creatinine, and other waste products that are usually excreted by the kidneys. On the other hand, uremia refers to the signs and symptoms that occur as a result of the buildup of these waste products in the body, including fatigue, weakness, anorexia, and anemia, among others. Uremia is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate intervention, such as dialysis or kidney transplant.

Will’s physician warned him about his diet because protein breakdown results in the production of nitrogenous waste products that need to be eliminated by the kidneys. In patients with kidney disease, a high protein diet can exacerbate the buildup of these waste products, leading to azotemia and uremia.

Will’s anemia is likely a result of decreased erythropoietin production, which is a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow. As kidney function declines, erythropoietin production decreases, leading to anemia.

Left ventricular dysfunction is a concern for Will’s physician because it is a common complication of chronic kidney disease. As kidney function declines, fluid and electrolyte imbalances can occur, leading to volume overload and hypertension