Posted: April 7th, 2021

Data Analysis Using Epi InfoTM7: Descriptive Analysis

Assessment Brief Assignment Instructions: Utilize the Epi InfoTM 7 Quick Start Guide, v.0.2.2 as a resource to complete the tasks below.First, you will need to upload your data and save the canvas file:Launch the Epi InfoTM 7 program and, from the Menu screen, select Visual Dashboard.From the Visual Dashboard, you will be prompted to “Set a Data Source” by clicking either the white arrow within the blue pop-up box or by clicking on Set Data Source in the top left-hand corner of the dashboard.A new window titled “Select Data Source” will pop-up, change the “Database Type” to Microsoft Access 2002-2003 (.mdb) using the drop down menu.Click the square button next to the “Data Source” line, a new window titled “Open Microsoft Access File” will pop-up.  Click the square button next to the “Database file name” line, and then locate and select the 2011 YRBS data that you saved earlier.  Click OK.In the “Select Data Source” screen, highlight the XXHq file in the “Data Source Explorer” box.  Click OK.  From the blank canvas screen, click Save As at the top of the navigation toolbar.  Save this canvas within a folder or location on your computer where you can easily access it.  Next, you will run frequency tabulations for select variables:Right click on the blank center canvas screen, hover over the “Add Analysis Gadget” and select Frequency from the menu.  The “Frequency” tool box will pop up within the canvas. Select the first variable from the list (q1) from the “Frequency of” selection box, and then click Run.  A frequency table will appear on the canvas that contains the statistical data for this variable.  Complete Steps numbers 7 and 8 for each of the following variables:   Age (q1)Gender (q2)Grade (q3)Race (RACEETH)Cigarette smoking (qn31)Marijuana (qn48)Once you have a frequency table for each variable, you can export the output to Excel by right-clicking with your mouse cursor on the table itself.  From Excel, copy and paste each table output that you have created into one tab within the same Excel file.  The tab should be labeled Wk2_Frequency.  Save the entire Excel file as Firstname_Lastname_Week 2_Assignment.Then, you will complete cross-tabulations using the MxN/2x2 table feature: In the same Epi InfoTM 7 canvas that you made the frequency tables, right click on the blank center canvas screen, hover over the “Add Analysis Gadget,” and select MxN/2x2 from the menu.Use the “MxN/2x2” gadget window to determine what percentage of students use marijuana by gender, race, grade, age, and smoking status.Export the output to Excel by right-clicking with your mouse cursor on the table itself.  From Excel, copy and paste each table output that you have created into one tab within the same Excel file.  The tab should be labeled Wk2_2x2 Tables.  Next, we are going to look at joint marijuana and cigarette smoking in the last 30 days.  In order to do so, we are going to create a new variable in Epi InfoTM that will indicate whether a student is coded 1 ("yes) on both qn31 and qn48.  We will use Epi InfoTM's data-editing capabilities to accomplish this task. Locate the “Defined Variables” feature on the left-hand side of the Visual Dashboard canvas, place your mouse over it and a box should emerge. Click on New Variable, then click With Assigned Expression. A new box titled, “Add Variable with Expression”, should appear. In this box, under “Assign Field”, enter cigs_and_pot (or other name of your choice). Under “Expression”, enter (2-qn31)*(2-qn48). Under “Data type”, choose Numeric. Click OK, and the box will disappear; and, you will have created a new variable titled cigs_and_pot.You might check to see what you’ve done.  To do this, access the Analysis gadget, and select Frequency of qn31, qn48, and cigs_and_pot. Compared to the 1 [yes] – 2 [no] coding of qn31 and qn48; cigs_and_pot is coded 0 [no] or 1 [yes] as the number of students who have used both marijuana and cigarettes is less than the number of students who used cigarettes or the number of students who used marijuana. Do you see why this must be true?Here’s an explanation of the expression (2-qn31)*(2-qn48). If a student is coded 1 [yes] for both cigarettes (qn31) and marijuana (qn48), then each term (2-qn31) and (2-qn48) is 2-1 = 1, and the product is 1*1 = 1. If a student is coded 0 [no] to either cigarettes or marijuana, then at least one of the two terms (2-qn31) and (2-qn48) is 0, so the product of the two terms will be 0. In short, the new variable cigs_and_pot will be 1 if the student is coded 1 (yes) to both cigarettes and marijuana, and will be 0 otherwise (that is, either not a cigarette smoker or not a marijuana user). From this, you can see that creating new variables in Epi InfoTM via assigned expressions is quite powerful, especially if you have a good grasp of algebra.Lastly, using the newly created cigs_and_pot variable along with the “MxN/2x2” table analysis gadget, complete the following analyses:Determine the prevalence of male and females that use marijuana and cigarette smoking. Is there a statistically significant difference between male and females?Determine the prevalence of marijuana and cigarette smoking by grade, race and age. Are they statistically different?Export the output to Excel by right-clicking with your mouse cursor on the table itself.  From Excel, copy and paste each table output that you have created into a new tab labeled Wk2_2x2 Tables_Step14within the same Firstname_Lastname_Week 2_Assignment Excel file.  Finally, summarize your results and address the following:Describe your sample populationIs the sample is equally distributed?Are there any statistical differences within groups?Are there any statistical differences between groups?Summarize and explain the differences with the odds ratio and other pertinent data as it relates to your data analysis.  Your assignment must be two to three pages (excluding title, reference, and analysis output pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.  Additionally, upload theFirstname_Lastname_Week 2_Assignment Excel file with all your statistical data in addition to your summary document.  

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