Demographic change

Empirical evidence suggests that technological change or the so-called green revolution in agriculture is different least developed countries LDS has greatly offset the effect of diminishing return in agriculture and spectra of food problem and it is aftermath (hunger, famine) is most of these countries has vertically vanished so must not new population growth badly affects economic development.

Based on Indian experience, Coale and Hoover (1012) drew attention to the likely adverse effect of population growth and capital formation had the following effects: The age dependency, the capital swallowing effect and the instrument direction effect. If said that a rapid population growth causes an increase in dependency ratio, a high ratio of non-working population. When the number of the depending ration or consumer (non-producers) to producers increases they occur a decreasing from people’s income for saving to consumption and fall in per income. But ant Malthusian talk in a different vein.

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Also, rapid population growth causes an increase independence ratio, a high ratio of the non-working population to working wage people active population. When the number of dependents or ration of a consumer ( non-producer) to producer increase, there occurs of a diversion of income from saving to consumption and fall in per capita income. But Malthusian talk in a different vein.

They argue that many young children contribute directly to the parent income by working in form and off form sector. Further, additional to multis in low-income families tend to encourage people to work more. They may children themselves contribute to household and saving can be negligible or positive. The issue needs to be settled by political investigationMoreover, the capital challenging effects state that a rapid population growth lower the ratio of capital to labor or workforce, thus works with less capital and consequently the poor rate of saving. This effect then reduces the productively of labor, as children remain in engaged in productive work, the family may experiences an increase in saving. Under the circumstance, the capital shallowing effect remains inoperative. High economic growth is accompanied by a general high saving rather in many developing countries.

The investment diversion effect state that because of rapid population growth a country’s is scarce get directed away to the so-called unproductive sector of health, education, and social services to the more productive growth-oriented sector. This logic assumes that expenditure on human capital is unproductive, education and health people are new as me of essential ingredients of economic development. Indeed there is a high return for investment in human capital.However, Malthusian is convinced population growth badly affects food surplus, to them the chronic food problem experienced by many poor developing economies is often attributed to the rapid population. It is because of natural limits. In agriculture preparation growth involve out stake food supply output thereby leading to famine, hunger, malnutrition. But the evidence tells the different story.

Because of the introduction of the green revolution technology in agriculture yield, has increased to such extent that many countries including Indian have now been exporting food grains. Unfortunately the present global world is highly unequally. We see an abnormally high level of malnourished children, starvation and famine occur seasonally visit in many countries.The question of unemployment and underemployment has assumed serious proportion particularly in less developed countries because of rapid population growth, but whether population growth is responsible for unemployment problem cannot be affirmed since no such statistic sheet correction is observed. In fact it is the technology that determine the absorption of the employment labor force. The experiences of Korea and Taiwan tells that economic development in their countries preceded successfully despite high population growth.Also Neo-Malthusian argue that excessive population growth and massive poverty in less developed countries have greatly damaged the ecological balance by deforestation and land degradation.

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Consequently these countries suffer badly from a variety of environmental hazards, such hazards made by developed countries that are to be condemned outright for destroying ecological balance. But today the debate has shifted from population pressure to the climate change and environment perceived as a great threat to humanity. The current ecological crisis is caused by human economic activity or anthropogenic. The way an economy is organized is rather inherently suicidal REFERENCES Masanja, G.F. (2017) Changing demographic and the development process of Tanzania (1st ed). Tabora Tanzania.

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