Posted: June 15th, 2023

In 1835, Bassi showed that a fungus caused a silkworm

Your answer for each question should be a minimum of 150 words (half page). Cite your sourcesafter each question.1. In 1835, Bassi showed that a fungus caused a silkworm disease, and in 1865 Pasteur discoveredthat a protozoan caused another silkworm disease. Why do we use Koch's postulates instead of Bassi'sor Pasteur's postulates?Koch was the first scientist to prove that bacteria actually cause disease. He scientificallydemonstrated that a disease is caused by a particular organism. He created four general guidelinesto aid in identification of disease causing pathogens. These guidelines developed from his workwith purified cultures of anthrax that had been isolated from dead animals. Koch also proved thatthe same disease could be passed from one organism to another. Pasteur proved thatmicroorganisms could be present in non-living matter. Bassi preceded both Pasteur and Koch inthe discovery that many diseases of both man and animal were caused by parasites. This was vitalin the formulation of the germ theory, to which both Pasteur and Koch would later expound.Bassi and Pasteur, though their research was important to later research, did not discover the truecause of disease, nor were they able to isolate the causal organisms. Koch was not only able toisolate the causal pathogen, he was able to correlate a specific pathogen caused a specific disease.We use his postulates because, if followed, they provide accurate data.2. In 1884, Hans Christian Gram described a method of staining bacterial cells while not stainingsurrounding animal tissues; however, he thought the staining method he developed was faulty becausenot all bacteria stained. In a letter to the editor of the journal in which Gram published his findings,write your response to Gram's concern.3. Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity toantimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorizationby alcohol.4. Identify the catabolic pathways used by the following bacteria:Pseudomonas Oxidizes glucoseLactobacillus Ferments glucoseAlcaligenes Neither oxidizes nor ferments glucoseEscherichia Oxidizes and ferments glucose5. You look in the refrigerator and find an orange drink you had forgotten was there. The drink nowhas an off-taste and it bubbles. What is the most likely explanation for the changes in the drink?6. Rhodopseudomonas is an anaerobic photoautotroph that uses organic compounds as an electrondonor. It is also capable of chemoheterotrophic metabolism. Diagram the metabolic pathways of thisbacterium.7. Assume that you are responsible for decontaminating materials in a large hospital. How would yousterilize each of the following? Briefly justify your answers.a. A mattress used by a patient with bubonic plagueb. Intravenous glucose-saline solutionsc. Used disposable syringed. Tissues taken from patients

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