Posted: January 10th, 2023

Medication treatment schizophrenia spectrum and other psychosis disorders

N6630.MEDICATION TREATMENT SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM AND OTHER PSYCHOSIS DISORDERS.
Develop a study guide for an assigned psychotropic agent for treating patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders. Review Learning Resource: Utah State University. (n.d.). Creating study guides. https://www.usu.edu/academic-support/test/creating_study_guides.
Create a study guide for your assigned psychotropic medication agents. Your study guide should be in the form of an outline with references, and you should incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. Be creative! It should not be in the format of an APA paper. Your guide should be informed by the FDA-approved and Evidenced-Based, Clinical Practice Guidelines Research but also supported by at least three other scholarly resources.
Areas of importance you should address, but are not limited to, are:
• Title page
• Description of the Psychopharmacological medication agent including brand and generic names and appropriate FDA indication uses
• Any supporting, valid and reliable research for non-FDA uses
• Drug classification
• The medication mechanism of action
• The medication pharmacokinetics
• The medication pharmacodynamics
• Mechanism of Action
• Appropriate dosing, administration route, and any considerations for dosing alterations
• Considerations of use and dosing in specific specialty populations to consider children, adolescents, elderly, pregnancy, suicidal behaviors, etc.
• Definition of Half-life, why half-life is important, and the half-life for your assigned medication
• Side effects/adverse reaction potentials
• Contraindications for use including significant drug to drug interactions
• Overdose Considerations
• Diagnostics and labs monitoring
• Comorbidities considerations
• Legal and ethical considerations
• Pertinent patient education considerations
Reference x 4
• Freudenreich, O., Goff, D. C., & Henderson, D. C. (2016). Antipsychotic drugs. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, & J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics (pp. 72–85). Elsevier.
• American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia Links to an external site.. https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf
• Clozapine REMS. (2015). Clozapine REMS: The single shared system for clozapine Links to an external site.. https://www.clozapinerems.com/CpmgClozapineUI/rems/pdf/resources/Clozapine_REMS_A_Guide_for_Healthcare_Providers.pdf

Rubric
NURS_6630_Week7_Assignment_Rubric
NURS_6630_Week7_Assignment_Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeCreate a study guide, in outline form with references, for your assigned medication. Incorporate visual elements such as concept maps, charts, diagrams, images, color coding, mnemonics, and/or flashcards. 30 to >26.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response is in a well-organized and detailed outline form. Informative and well-designed visual elements are incorporated. … Followed directions correctly by uploading assignment to Gradebook and submitted to the discussion forum area. 26 to >23.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response is in an organized and detailed outline form. Appropriate visual elements are incorporated. … Partially followed directions by uploading assignment to Gradebook but did not submit to the discussion forum area. 23 to >20.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response is in outline form, with some inaccuracies or details missing. Visual elements are somewhat vague or inaccurate. … Partially followed directions by submitting to the discussion forum area but did not upload assignment to Gradebook. 20 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response is unorganized, not in outline form, or is missing. Visual elements are inaccurate or missing. … Did not follow directions as did not submit to discussion forum area and did not upload assignment to gradebook per late policy.
30 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeStudy guide completion elements addressed in Week 7 assignment area 50 to >44.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response thoroughly addresses all required content areas. 44 to >39.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response adequately addresses all required content areas. Minor details may be missing. 39 to >34.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
The response addresses all required content areas, with some inaccuracies or vagueness. 34 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
The response vaguely or inaccurately addresses the required content areas. Or, three or more content areas are missing.
50 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeSupport your guide with references and research providing at least five evidence-based, peer-reviewed journal articles or evidenced-based guidelines. Be sure they are current (no more than 5 years old). 10 to >8.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
The response is supported by the 5 current, evidence-based resources from the literature. 8 to >7.0 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
The response provides at least 4 current, evidence-based resources from the literature that appropriately support the study guide information. 7 to >6.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
3 evidence-based resources are provided to support the study guide, but they may only provide vague or weak justification. 6 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
2 or fewer resources are provided to support assessment and diagnosis decisions. The resources may not be current or evidence-based.
10 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors. 4 to >3.5 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
Contains a few (1 or 2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3.5 to >3.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
Contains several (3 or 4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. 3 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
Contains many (≥ 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding.
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeWritten Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 to >4.0 pts
Excellent Point range: 90–100
Uses correct APA format with no errors. 4 to >3.5 pts
Good Point range: 80–89
Contains a few (1 or 2) APA format errors. 3.5 to >3.0 pts
Fair Point range: 70–79
Contains several (3 or 4) APA format errors. 3 to >0 pts
Poor Point range: 0–69
Contains many (≥ 5) APA format errors.
5 pts
Total Points: 100
-SAMPLE ANSWER-
STUDY GUIDE: Clozapine

Title Page

Description

Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication that is FDA-approved for the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia.
Brand name: Clozaril
Generic name: Clozapine
FDA indication uses: treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Non-FDA Uses
Clozapine has been found to be effective in reducing aggression in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric disorders.
Clozapine has also been used in the treatment of refractory delirium in elderly patients.
(Sources: Freudenreich, O., Goff, D. C., & Henderson, D. C. (2016). Antipsychotic drugs. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, & J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics (pp. 72–85). Elsevier)

Drug Classification
Clozapine is classified as an atypical antipsychotic medication.
Mechanism of Action
Clozapine blocks dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to decrease symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations and delusions.
Clozapine also blocks other neurotransmitters such as serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine.
(Source: American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf)

Pharmacokinetics
Clozapine is absorbed well after oral administration.
Clozapine has a half-life of approximately 12-18 hours.
Clozapine is metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
(Source: American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf)

Pharmacodynamics
Clozapine has a wide range of actions in the brain, including blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors.
Clozapine also has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Clozapine may also have effects on the brain’s neural plasticity, which could improve cognitive functioning.
(Source: American Psychiatric Association. (2019). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/Psychiatrists/Practice/Clinical%20Practice%20Guidelines/APA-Draft-Schizophrenia-Treatment-Guideline.pdf)

Dosing and Administration
Clozapine is typically administered orally, once or twice a day.
The starting dose is usually 12.5-25mg/day.
Dosing should be adjusted as needed based on therapeutic response and side effects.
The maximum recommended daily dose is 900mg/day.
Clozapine has a narrow therapeutic window and it should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.
Clozapine is contraindicated in patients with a history of agranulocytosis.
Specialty Populations