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Posted: March 31st, 2023
Healthy aging is an important public health issue, both nationally and internationally. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes healthy aging as a process whereby all people of all ages are able to live a healthy, safe and socially inclusive lifestyle.
Discuss how social determinants of health for the older adult are impacted for those living in poverty.
Word limit 1000 words. Please make sure to provide citations and 2-3 references (in APA, 7th ed. format) for your work
Social Determinants of Health and the Impact on Older Adults Living in Poverty
Introduction
Healthy aging is a significant concern for public health on both national and global scales. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes healthy aging as a holistic approach that encompasses various aspects of well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and social dimensions. An essential aspect of this discourse revolves around the influence of social determinants of health, which are the conditions in which individuals are born, grow, live, work, and age. Among these determinants, socioeconomic factors play a pivotal role, particularly for older adults living in poverty. This article delves into the intricate relationship between social determinants of health and the well-being of older adults in impoverished conditions.
The Significance of Social Determinants of Health
Social determinants of health (SDOH) encompass a wide range of factors that collectively contribute to an individual’s overall health and well-being. These factors extend beyond the realm of healthcare, incorporating elements such as economic stability, education, social and community context, as well as the physical environment. According to the WHO, these determinants are interconnected and often work synergistically to shape an individual’s health trajectory. For older adults, the impact of these determinants becomes particularly pronounced, as they navigate the challenges associated with aging, while also contending with the complexities of living in poverty.
Social Determinants and Older Adults Living in Poverty
Older adults living in poverty experience a unique set of challenges stemming from the interaction between age-related factors and socioeconomic constraints. One of the fundamental aspects of healthy aging is access to adequate healthcare. Poverty restricts access to quality healthcare services, leading to delayed diagnoses, inadequate treatment, and reduced preventive care. Limited financial resources often compel older adults in poverty to forego necessary medical interventions, ultimately exacerbating health conditions.
Moreover, economic instability can have a cascading effect on other social determinants. Older adults in poverty frequently encounter challenges in securing safe and suitable housing, which in turn impacts their physical and mental well-being. Substandard housing conditions can contribute to the development of chronic diseases, injuries, and mental health issues. The lack of appropriate housing may also result in social isolation, as older adults may be confined to environments that limit their interaction with others.
Education and Knowledge Disparities
Education is another vital determinant that intersects with the well-being of older adults living in poverty. Limited access to education during their younger years can hinder older adults’ ability to make informed health-related decisions. Health literacy, which involves understanding and effectively utilizing health information, is crucial for preventive care and managing chronic conditions. Older adults with lower education levels are often disadvantaged in navigating complex healthcare systems, leading to potential misunderstandings and inappropriate health choices.
Social Networks and Community Context
Social connections play a pivotal role in promoting mental health and overall well-being among older adults. However, poverty can lead to social isolation due to reduced opportunities for participation in community activities and engagements. Social networks provide emotional support, reduce feelings of loneliness, and contribute to cognitive stimulation. The absence of these connections can lead to adverse psychological outcomes, such as depression and anxiety, which are prevalent among older adults in poverty.
Physical Environment and Accessibility
The physical environment has a profound impact on the health of older adults. For those living in poverty, the built environment may lack accessible infrastructure and amenities. This can impede mobility, hinder engagement in physical activities, and limit access to essential services. Additionally, environmental factors such as air quality, proximity to green spaces, and exposure to noise pollution can impact older adults’ health outcomes.
Policy Implications and Interventions
Addressing the challenges posed by social determinants of health for older adults in poverty necessitates a multifaceted approach. Policies that focus on poverty alleviation, affordable housing, and equitable access to healthcare are critical. Additionally, targeted interventions aimed at enhancing health literacy among older adults can empower them to make informed decisions about their health. Community-based initiatives that foster social connections and combat social isolation can contribute to improved mental well-being.
Conclusion
The interaction between social determinants of health and the well-being of older adults living in poverty underscores the need for comprehensive interventions and policy initiatives. By recognizing the intricate interplay between socioeconomic factors and health outcomes, societies can work towards enabling all older adults to age in a dignified, healthy, and socially inclusive manner. Promoting healthy aging requires concerted efforts to address the disparities that arise from poverty, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and thriving society.
References:
World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/ageing/events/world-report-2015-launch/en/
Ailshire, J. A., & Crimmins, E. M. (2014). Psychosocial factors associated with longevity in the United States: Age differences between the old and oldest-old in the Health and Retirement Study. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(6), 824-833.
Lee, M., Ferraro, K. F., & Kim, S. (2019). Protective effects of social cohesion on stress-related health outcomes in older adults: Findings from the Korean longitudinal study of aging. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 74(2), 328-337.
Berkman, L. F., & Kawachi, I. (Eds.). (2014). Social epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
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