OBTHE
Chapter 25
QUESTION
1
The role of phosphocreatine is to ….
transfer energy.
store energy.
provide a substrate for
gluconeogenesis.
release energy.
store oxygen.
0.5 points
QUESTION
2
Gylcolytic metabolism is also known as….
beta-oxidation.
gluconeogenesis.
anaerobic metabolism.
glycogenesis.
aerobic metabolism.
0.5 points
QUESTION
3
The substance in muscle fiber cytoplasm that
directly powers muscle contraction is….
glucose.
fatty acids.
phosphocreatine.
ATP.
0.5 points
QUESTION
4
The advantage of anaerobic metabolism is….
rapid ATP production.
greater use of fat stores.
fewer pesky by-products.
high yield of ATP.
greater endurance.
0.5 points
QUESTION
5
If oxygen is NOT available for aerobic ATP
production, __________ builds up in muscles.
pyruvic acid
glucose
lactic acid
ATP
0.5 points
QUESTION
6
It takes approximately __________ of aerobic exercise
to begin mobilizing fats from adipose tissue.
30 seconds
60 minutes
30 minutes
45 minutes
10 minutes
0.5 points
QUESTION
7
Fat stores are used for energy only after
muscles have depleted their carbohydrate energy store.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION
8
The largest metabolic reserves for the average
adult are stored as….
fatty acids.
proteins.
carbohydrates.
amino acids.
triglycerides.
0.5 points
QUESTION
9
The nutrients that yield the most energy per
gram when metabolized are ….
fats.
vitamins.
nucleic acids.
proteins.
carbohydrates.
0.5 points
QUESTION
10
Hormone(s) that increase in concentration in the
plasma during exercise include…
cortisol.
catecholamines.
insulin.
A and B
A, B, and C
0.5 points
QUESTION
11
Cortisol, the catecholamines, and growth hormone
do all of the following, EXCEPT
promote the conversion of
triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids.
raise plasma glucose levels.
mobilize glycogen from the liver.
enhance deposition of fat in
adipose tissue.
0.5 points
QUESTION
12
EPOC is…
exercising physiological oxygen
consumption.
extra phosphorylated oxygenated
creatine.
extraneouspreoxygen contribution.
excesspostexercise oxygen
consumption.
excess physiological oxygen
contribution.
0.5 points
QUESTION
13
In resistance exercise, such as strength
training, muscles rely heavily on __________ energy production.
anaerobic
aerobic
0.5 points
QUESTION
14
With endurance training, muscle mitochondria
increase in ….
size
number
A and B
none of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
15
Exercise hyperventilation results from signals
from ….
muscle and joint mechanoreceptors
and proprioceptors.
the carotid body chemoreceptors.
activating pulmonary stretch
receptors.
A and B
A, B, and C
0.5 points
QUESTION
16
During mild to moderate exercise, arterial pH, PO2, and PCO2 are
nearly half of normal.
nearly normal.
almost twice as high as normal.
0.5 points
QUESTION
17
The initial change in heart rate at the onset of
exercise is due to
stretching of the cardiac muscle
fibers in response to increased venous
the withdrawal of parasympathetic
inhibition.
overfilling of the ventricles.
sympathetic stimulation.
0.5 points
QUESTION
18
Redistribution of blood flow during exercise
results from ….
vasodilation.
vasoconstriction.
vasodilation in skeletal muscle
and vasoconstriction in viscera.
vasoconstriction in skeletal
muscle and vasodilation in viscera.
0.5 points
QUESTION
19
During exercise, sweating helps lose heat from
the body through the process of ….
evaporation.
radiation.
convection.
concentration.
conduction.
0.5 points
QUESTION
20
When the concentration of sodium ion in the ECF increases,
aldosterone secretion increases.
ADH secretion decreases.
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there is a decreased thirst.
osmoreceptors are stimulated.
there is an increase in the volume
of urine produced.
0.5 points
QUESTION
21
During exercise, the most significant factor
affecting the pH of body tissues is the production of ….
ketone bodies.
hydrochloric acid.
carbon dioxide.
lactic acid.
organic acids.
0.5 points
QUESTION
22
During increased exercise ….
vasoconstriction occurs at the
active skeletal muscles.
venous return increases.
stroke volume decreases.
cardiac output decreases.
all of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
23
Sweat glands contain
beta receptors.
alpha-1 receptors.
cholinergic receptors.
alpha-2 receptors.
all of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
24
With acclimatization, the body begins to do a
better job of conserving ….
heat.
salt.
water.
A and B
A, B, and C
0.5 points
QUESTION
25
Benefits of regular exercise include all of the
following, EXCEPT
increased plasma levels of HDL
(high-density lipoproteins).
increased levels of LDL
(low-density lipoproteins).
lowered blood pressure.
decreased plasma levels of
triglycerides.
decreased risk of heart attack.
0.5 points
QUESTION
26
During exercise, skeletal muscle ….
vasodilation increases peripheral
resistance to blood flow.
vasoconstriction decreases
peripheral resistance to blood flow.
vasodilation decreases peripheral
resistance to blood flow.
vasoconstriction increases
peripheral resistance to blood flow.
none of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
27
With heat acclimatization,
sweating becomes more productive.
aldosterone increases.
sweating becomes more
concentrated.
A and B
B and C
0.5 points
QUESTION
28
During the first 15 seconds of intense exercise,
such as sprinting or power lifting, most of the energy is provided by ….
fat oxidation.
carbohydrate oxidation.
ATP in muscle fiber.
phosphocreatine.
C and D
0.5 points
QUESTION
29
Which of the following is involved in the
pathway that causes a jump in ventilation rate at the beginning of exercise?
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Proprioceptors in muscles send
information to the motor cortex of the brain.
Output from the limbic system and
cardiovascular control center triggers parasympathetic discharge.
Widespread vasoconstriction causes
increase in blood pressure.
A and C
B and C
0.5 points
QUESTION
30
Match the response to the description.
–
a.
b.
c.
percent fat
metabolized for ATP production as exercise intensity increases
–
a.
b.
c.
arterial
PO2 during exercise compared to rest
–
a.
b.
c.
peripheral
vascular resistance during exercise
–
a.
b.
c.
mean
arterial pressure during exercise
–
a.
b.
c.
relative
depression of immune system with change from moderate to strenuous exercise
–
a.
b.
c.
plasma
glucose concentration 30 minutes after glucose ingestion in diabetics who
exercise, compared to those who don’t
a.
increase
b.
decrease
c.
no change
0.5 points
QUESTION
31
The adaption of the body to repeated
exercise in hot environments occurs through a process called __________.
0.5 points
QUESTION
32
What two effects does sympathetic stimulation
have on the heart during exercise?
0.5 points
QUESTION
33
During exercise, skeletal muscle receives
approximately __________% of blood flow. Where is this blood redistributed
from?
0.5 points
QUESTION
34
The rise in body temperature triggers two
thermoregulatory mechanisms: __________ and __________.
0.5 points
QUESTION
35
In addition to the number and type of muscle
fibers in a muscle, peak athletic performance requires
a good blood supply and system of
blood delivery.
good supplies of nutrients.
adequate numbers of muscle
mitochondria.
a well-developed respiratory
system.
all of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
36
Dehydration causes…
increased thirst.
fluid to shift from the ECF to the
ICF.
decreased secretion of ADH.
increased levels of aldosterone.
all of the above
0.5 points
QUESTION
37
How does exercise hyperventilation maintain
nearly normal PO2 and PCO2?
2 points
QUESTION
38
The maximal rate of consumption of __________ is
used as a measurement of a person’s ability to perform endurance exercise and
is measured in what units? How is this molecule related to metabolism?
2 points
QUESTION
39
Why and how does intracellular K+ become
depleted with exercise?
3 points
QUESTION
40
Discuss changes in the cardiovascular and
pulmonary systems that result from conditioning for exercise.
3 points
QUESTION
41
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
glycolytic metabolism.
1 points
QUESTION
42
During exercise, blood flow to the active
skeletal muscles is increased by autoregulation. Propose a mechanism based on
the need for nutrients that would explain how the autoregulation might take
place.
3 points
QUESTION
43
Athletes with chronic energy deficit (energy
output > energy intake) tend to have high levels of cortisol. Do you expect
their immune systems would be better than those who are sedentary? Explain.
3 points
QUESTION
44
Based on what you learned in the chapter on
control of blood flow and pressure, what must happen to blood flow to meet the
metabolic demands of exercising skeletal muscle?
How is this
accomplished?
What is the predicted
effect of this change on systemic blood pressure during exercise?
What are the changes in
heart function during exercise, and what effects should those changes have on
systemic blood pressure?
What actually happens to
systemic blood pressure during
exercise?
Explain the apparent
contradictions.
5
points
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