Bacteria play an important role in the global ecosystem and act as beneficial microorganisms to human beings. Bacteria that do not cause disease in healthy individuals are called normal flora, which instead act as commensalists or mutualists to the host. Even outside of normal flora there are bacteria that produce antibiotics, a commonly used drug […]
Habitat fragmentation is currently one of the most concern topics in threatening process of biodiversity. It is a natural process which a particular habitat is separated and divided into smaller pieces due to physical barriers such as mountains, rivers and other landscapes. This process takes place within a long period of time, and speciation occurs […]
A full term pregnancy, from conception to birth, usually lasts for around nine months and is more commonly known as the gestation period. This gestation period can be split into three phases, known as the three trimesters. The first trimester is concerned with the development of the embryo, the second trimester is where the embryo […]
Blood is a fluid medium that is found within the cardiovascular system-which comprises of the heart and blood vessels (Jackson and Jackson 2008). It consists of 55% blood plasma and 45% cellular material (Jackson and Jackson 2008). Blood plasma consists of dissolved materials such as antibodies, hormones, waste products and nutrients, whereas the cellular material […]
Explain the different structures and functions of the two main types of cells in the nervous system. Neurons are the nerve cells; they contain a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body is the part that contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon is a piece that extends from the cell body; its […]
Regulation of hydrogen ion concentration in the body is a necessity for normal bodily functions.1 The concentration of H+ in all bodily fluids are maintained to keep pH ranges between narrow limits, this maintenance is known as acid-base balance (AB)2.Arterial blood pH is kept between 7.35-7.45, venous blood is kept close to 7.352. Most diseases/conditions […]
HIV is a retrovirus which destroys the host’s immune system by attacking T4 helper cells. In the absence of a fully functioning immune system, hosts are far more susceptible to opportunistic infections such as TB and pneumonia, which are responsible for the death of HIV and AIDS patients, as opposed to the actual HIV virus […]
Adaptation for an animal is any genetically heritable trait that allows an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes. Example (Camels adapting to be able to survive long periods of time without water in the desert) – Acclimation for an animal is the process by which an animal gets used to a changing environment. […]
Many marine invertebrates of diverse and varied phyla, have a common reproductive strategy that involves a multi-phase life cycle that occupies two dramatically different environmental habitats. The separate mobile pelagic larval phase and the predominantly sedentary or sessile bottom dwelling phase is linked by a settlement event. Larval forms are usually very different from adult […]
Nanomedicine is a wide field of nanotechnology which involves almost all fields of science like nanoscience, nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanoengineering and many more. Generally we can say that it is the practical application or the medical application of different materials at nanoscale to several nanoelectronic devices. These devices can be used in different applications of medical […]