SECTION 1: SUMMARY
MVT vs SEDEX deposits
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MVT deposits stands for Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) deposits while SEDEX deposits in the other hand, stands for Sedimentary exhalative deposits. Both are globally distributed, Sediment-Hosted Lead-Zinc mineralization, and are sub-classified as clastic-dominated or carbonate dominated. They form in clusters and are the richest global sources of lead and zinc. They are formed by the action of hydrothermal fluid but have no direct link with igneous bodies or igneous activities. However, igneous activities (Magma) could be a source of heat for the hydrothermal fluids in some of the deposits. According to many authors, Genetic, spatial and temporal relationship exists between some of the two deposit types.
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Although MVT and SEDEX share some similarities, they also defer in some respects; the main difference between the two ore deposits is their depositional settings; SEDEX involves open space precipitation and sedimentation on or just below the seafloor while MVT deposits form in open spaces within carbonate platform sequences. SEDEX is hosted mainly in the siliciclastic or clastic sediments and classified as clastic-dominated lead-zinc deposit while the MVT deposits is hosted by dolomite (Carbonates) and classified as carbonate-dominated lead-zinc deposits. In terms of the deposition relationship with their host rocks, most SEDEX deposits are SYNGENETIC, while the MVT deposits are EPIGENETIC. More so, considering their ages and geologic settings, MVT deposits are Phanerozoic (<2 billion years) in age (between Devonian and Permian, into Carboniferous), while SEDEX deposits range in age between Proterozoic and Phanerozoic (< 2Ga).
Studies of the characteristics, similarities and differences between MVT and SEDEX ore deposits over time has led to the proposal of several genetic and geologic models by different authors to enhance the understanding of the origin, process of formation and localities where SEDEX and MVT ore deposits are found world-wide and such models are tools for mineral exploration geologist to design exploration models in search of SEDEX and MVT ore deposits. For instance, a basin-ward search, adjacent to an MVT ore deposit, for a SEDEX ore deposit within a passive margin is likely to have a positive outcome.
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SECTION 2: DESCRIPTION OF GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MVT AND SEDEX ORE DEPOSITS
| Geological Characteristics | Sedimentary Exhalative (SEDEX) Ore Deposits | Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) Ore Deposits | |
| 1. | Depositional Environment/Host rocks | – Mostly hosted by basinal marine, fine-grained rocks composed of mainly cherts, shales, siltstones and occasionally sandstones and conglomerates. – The rocks represent a range from pelagic to hemipelagic sediments. – Basin-wide turbiditic siltstone and sandstone interbedded with ambient low energy sediments. – limestone and dolomite could be present in some(1a). | – Mainly hosted by dolostone (1b1) – Those formed in dolostones are larger and richer than those formed in limestone1b2). – MVT deposits are primarily formed in Carbonate platforms. |
